About Stinging Insects
Bees, hornets, and wasps are stinging insects that can be both harmful and helpful to people. Worldwide, there are more than 20,000 species of bees and 75,000 species of wasps, with a combined 4,000 species in the United States. Their presence here in Florida is no exception. Only about 20 true hornet species exist, with just one prevalent in North America. The terms wasp and hornet are often used interchangeably.
Bees and wasps play vital roles in the ecosystem. Bees pollinate 70 of the top 100 crops eaten by humans and the vast majority of flowering plants. Wasps also pollinate, but their value primarily derives from eating harmful insects and larvae that feed on vegetables. However, when bees, wasps, or hornets interact with people or pets, the results can be painful and, in some cases, deadly.
Several stinging insects are common in North America, many of which threaten your family’s well-being. Insects like bees, wasps, and hornets can cause painful, sometimes life-threatening stings! Understanding the behaviors and characteristics of these pests is important so you can stay safe.
What Do Stinging Insects Look Like?
Like all insects, the bodies of bees, wasps, and hornets consist of a head, thorax, and abdomen covered by an exoskeleton. They have six legs, two antennae, two sets of wings, both compound and simple eyes, a mandible used for cutting and chewing, and a stinger (in females).
Wasps, bees, and hornets vary in appearance depending on the species. Bees are covered in hair, making them appear fuzzy and often have colorful bands on their bodies. Honeybees are golden brown with black stripes, bumblebees and carpenter bees are yellow and black, and leafcutter bees are black and white. Bees range in size; the average bumblebee is between 3/4” and 1 1/2” in length.
Wasps are narrower than bees and have smooth bodies. Wasps vary in color and may be brown, yellow, bright red, or metallic blue. They can grow up to 1 1/2” in length. Hornets have bigger heads than wasps and are more rounded and larger, growing to over 2” in some cases.
Bees and social wasps live in colonies that consist of queens (who lay eggs), drones (who fertilize the eggs), and infertile workers (who provide for and protect the colony). Drones die shortly after mating. Solitary wasps build individual nests, preferring not to live with other wasps. Both male and female solitary wasps are fertile.
What Are the Unique Characteristics of Stinging Insects?
Many wasps and bees feed on pollen, nectar, fruit, and other sugary foods. Wasps will even invade honeybee nests to eat the honey within it. Yellow jackets, a type of wasp often seen at picnics, are attracted to human food. Wasps and hornets also eat spiders and insects.
What Are the Habits of Stinging Insects?
Bees and wasps are most visible in the spring and summer, as food sources become more available and offspring are developing. When the weather is cool, they hibernate in their nests.
Where Are Stinging Insects Commonly Found?
Bees build nests out of wax, inside wood, or in the ground. Wasps build their nests from fibers they create by chewing, from wood fibers, or in the ground.
Solitary wasps far outnumber social wasps. They are often found nesting in the ground or an existing hole. Social wasps build colonies in sheltered outdoor areas like trees and gardens or in protected areas around a structure. Wasp nests are often found under eaves, window frames, porches, or stairs. Like wasps, bees tend to build their nests in protected areas. Both wasps and bees have been known to create large colonies inside the walls of buildings.
What Are the Threats and Risks of Stinging Insects?
Most Floridians are unaware that bees and wasps can damage their homes. Carpenter bees bore holes into decks and other wood structures, and both bees and wasps build nests in wall voids, creating holes for entry and exit.
Honey bees, paper wasps, yellowjackets, and hornets all nest here in Florida and can sting if provoked or threatened. Only female bees and wasps have stingers. A single bee can usually sting only once, while hornets and wasps can sting multiple times. Over half a million people are seen at emergency rooms yearly due to bee, wasp, and hornet stings. During a sting, venom is injected into the victim, creating a red, swollen area. For those who are allergic, a bee or wasp sting can cause a severe reaction, even resulting in death. About 100 people die each year from bee and wasp stings.
DIY Methods
Insecticide sprays designed for bees, wasps, and hornets can be effective when they make contact with the insect. However, they can also irritate a nest, causing it to become more active. Also, bees are important pollinators that help our crops grow, but they are declining worldwide. It is advisable not to kill the bees if possible. Because of the high degree of danger associated with stings, the best way to handle a bee, wasp, or hornet issue is to contact a licensed pest professional who can remove or relocate the nest.
Stinging Insect Prevention
Bees, wasps, and hornets can be good for the environment but, in large numbers, they may introduce risk to your family and property. The simple guidelines below can help you avoid a bee or wasp infestation or sting:
- Do not wear yellow or white outdoors as these colors attract insects.
- Ensure screens on windows are secure and tight.
- Inspect your property regularly for hives or nests.
- Do not engage with bees, wasps, or hornets.
- Stay safe and contact a wasp exterminator